课件-语法-第一章 名词.docVIP

第一章 名词 1.1 名词的定义 e.g. engineer telephone Diana attention war palace 1.2 名词的分类 A. 按意义可分为 proper noun common noun Proper noun 又可分为 class n., collective n., material n., abstract n. 1 proper n.: e.g. Zhou Enlai New York the Atlantic Ocean The Communist Party of China the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northen Ireland [note:] common noun的分类并不是绝对的它们可以相互转化，也可以和proper noun转化。 2 common n.: a. class n e.g. nurse bird city piano b. collective n.: e.g. family army committee society crew mankind c. material n.: e.g. water sand flour light sugar glass d. abstract n.: e.g. honesty carefulness music geometry courage work B. 按可数性可分为 countable noun [C] uncountable noun [U] class n.皆可数, collective n.大都可数，proper n., material n., abstract n.不可数。 C. 按词形分为 simple noun compound noun 1 simple n.: e.g. mother opinion vase 2 compound n.: e.g. bedroom mother-of-pearl [note:] compound n.一般为第一个词重读，第二个词次重读。 D. 除上述各种名词外，还有一种由其他词类形式构成的名词。这种由其他词类构成名字的现象叫做名词化（substantivization）。名词化的词类主要有下列四类： 1 名词化的adj.: e.g. rich poor blind sick dumb Scotland 2 名词化的过去分词: e.g. wounded accused unknown firstborn 3 名词化的动名词: e.g. feeling suffering thinking writing printing building 4 名词化的数词: e.g. on all fours ask for seconds from the first need a fourth in the game 除上述词类可用作名词外，其他词类以及单词、短语等也都可以用作名词，如pron., adv., conj., prep., verb phrase等等。 有许多固定词组已经变成了compoun n.: e.g. to-do good-for-nothing touch-me-not well-being has-been might-have-been right-about-face 1.3 名词的功用——在句子中可以用作各种句子成分: A. 用作Subject: e.g. My family is now in the country. B. 用作 Object: e.g. We love our motherland. C. 用作 Predicative Subjective complement: e.g. She was taken for a fool. D. 用作 Objective complement: e.g. They ca