配位化学在无机化学中的应用.docVIP

配位化学的应用 ： The application of coordination compounds The application of coordination compounds is very wide, it has penetrated into every field of natural science, no matter in practice and theorial sense is very important. This section only introduced some aspects of these applications briefly. The applications in inorganic chemical 1 Hydrometallurgy We can use ligand solution directly reoccupy metal out from the ore, then using appropriate reductive reduce the metal. For example, back to the early of 40’ s ,some countries have developed the approach: nickel sulfide NiS ore under the pressure of ammonia NH3 solution, then pressurized reducing by hydrogen H2 to nickel powder. NiS +6NH3 →→Ni NH3 62+ +S2- Ni NH3 62+ +H2→→Ni+4NH3+2NH4+ Other as the extraction of gold using cyanide ions CN- ,coordinated Au with CN- forming Au CN 2- ，then reducing Au+ with the reduction of Zn to Au . 4Au+8CN-+2H2O+O2→4Au CN 2-+4OH- Zn+2Au CN 2-→2Au+Zn CN 42- 2 Separation and purification Due to the needs of high purified material, for those of a similar nature rare metal, often using formation compounds to expand some qualitative difference, so as to achieve the purpose of separation, purification. For example the radius of Zr4+ and Hf4+ almost equally, nature is very similar. But in 0.125 mol稬-1t HF the solubility of K2ZrF6 and K2HfF6 are 1.86 and 3.75 g 20 degrees, 100 g water the latter is about the twice of the former, and we had used this kind of difference with grading crystallization of the legal system Ha naught zirconium. Another example as triple valence of rare earth elements, the difference of radius ion is slightly an average of about 1 pm , separate extremely difficult. In recent years, using chelating ability of them and oxygen of chelating is different, so can be used to extracting separation of rare earth elements., such as La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+,Nd3+,etc..With ErBenJi-18 May-crown-6 generated the coordination like Ln NO3 3稢20H24O6,is osoluble in organic