第二章种群生态学(英).pptVIP

Chapter 2 Populations and Population Structure Organisms ? Environments＝Ecology 1 Population Population：a group of organisms of the same species which occupies a given area at the same time. Basic unit of community Adaptive unit of species Basic unit of species existence Species: a group of organisms which are similar in modality, physiology and ecology, and can mate between each other. Population Size or boundary: arbitrary (depending on question under investigation). Unitary or modular organism Ramat Population dynamics is the core of population ecology 4 main characters of the population: quantitative (density, reproduction rate, age structure, life table and survival curve)，spatial and genetic,systematic. Population size (density) The number of individuals (unitary organisms) or ramets (modular organisms) present in a given area. Absolute density Total count method Sampling method（quadrat method, mark-recapature method, removal sampling） Relative density（zoo accounting, accounting of zoo trace, catch per unit effort） Unitary density and ramat density Population size (density) depends on: Natality Mortality Immigration Emigration Life table: the fate of a group of individuals born at approximately the same time from birth to the end of the life cycle Svrvivorship curve (survival curves) Survivorship data showed by survivorship curve. Survivorship curve: a graph showing the proportion of survivors on a log scale through each phase age of life. Mortality curve Age structure and sex ratio Population growth Population size：natality, mortality, immigration , emigration Rate of natural increase r：practical increase rate of the given population in nature. r = natality - mortality Increase rate＝ r + net migration rate = natality – mortality + immigration rate – emigration rate innate rate of increase (内禀增长率, rm) is the theoretical maximum that may be reached in a given environment if the population is not resource limited. It is also named: in