一种多功能激光对中仪的设计和实验.pdf

摘 要 机械轴对中是动力机械装配工作中十分重要的一步，它是减少机器损坏，防 止和排除突发故障及减少维修时间必不可少的重要环节。据美国 TEXAS 州 Monsanto 化工公司的有关报道称，在所有的振动事故中，有 60%是由机械轴不 对中引起的。 激光对中仪的主要功能便是解决动力机械安装和检修调配中的机械轴对中 问题。本文设计了一种双光束双探测器激光对中仪的结构，讨论了其的进行轴系 对中检测的多种测量方法，测量方式多样，能在各种条件下进行对中测量，并且 具备解决软地脚效应和温度效应的方法。基于此激光对中仪的结构特点，拓展了 它的测量功能，讨论了用其进行轴系校准、直线度、平面度和平面倾角测量的原 理和方法。 为了验证设计的正确性，制作了简易的激光对中仪装置，分别对各种测量功 能进行实际的测量，使用数字示波器将采集到的数据输入计算机，用所编制的相 应的数据处理 Mathematica 和 C 程序计算出测量结果。通过对测量结果的分析， 讨论了各种测量的误差以及造成误差的原因，且对测量结果的分析也表明了设计 的正确性。 关键字：激光对中仪, 同轴度 ,直线度 ,平面度 ,平面倾角 I ABSTRACT A horizontally mounted machine is the most frequent application regarding shaft alignment. In every industry, there are numerous installations such as drives for fluid pumps, fans, gearboxes, transportation of goods, blenders etc. Most of the machines are critical components in the production process and every single installation requires precision alignment for optimal performance. An unplanned production stop due to machine breakdown will result in production loss and high costs. According to the research of Monsanto Company TEXAS USA, nearly 60% of all breakdowns in rotating machines are caused by misalignment. The laser shaft alignment instrument is an advanced alignment system providing functions for measuring and aligning machines. In this thesis, a sort of coaxial measuring instrument with duel beams of laser and duel position sensitive detectors (PSD) was designed. The measurement method is based on the principle so-called reverse-dial-indicator method that employs two dial test indicators. A new measuring method was studied, according to this method; the location can be got so long as measuring light spot coordinates