Development Economics.ppt

Development Economics 吉林大学 沙玉翠 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Sixth Edition Michael P．Todaro PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS PART ONE CHAPTER 1 Economics, Institutions, and Development：A Global Perspective A. Economics and Development Studies 1.The meaning of development economics a. Traditional economics b. Political economy c. Development economics is the study of how economies are transformed from stagnation to growth how people’s life are transformed from low-level to high-level status. 2. Why study development economics 3. The important role of values in development economics a. Economics is a social science b. It is different from physical science c. Goals of development derive from subjective value judgments B. What Do We Mean by Development  1.Traditional economic measures 2. The new view of development a. Sustenance: the ability to meet basic needs b. Self-esteem: to be a person c. Freedom from servitude :to be able to choose 3. Objectives of development CHAPTER 2Diverse Structures and Common Characteristics of Developing Nations A. Some Classifications of Developing Nations 1. The U.N. classification system 2. The U.N. development program 3. OECD’s classification B. The Structure of Third World Economies 1. Size and income level 2. Historical background 3. Physical and human resources 4. Ethnic and religious composition 5. Relative importance of the public and private sectors 6. Industrial structure 7. External dependence 8. Political structure, power, and interest groups C. Common Characteristics of Developing Nations Low levels of living Per capita national income Relative growth rates of national and per capita income Distribution of national income Extent of poverty Health and education 2. Low levels of productivity 3. High rates of population growth and dependency burdens 4. High and rising levels of unemployment and underemployment 5. Substantial dependence on agricultural production and primary-product exports 6. P