医学图像处理part02Fundamentals.pptVIP

Digital Image Fundamentals  Outline 2.1 briefly summarizes the mechanics of the human visual system 2.2 discusses light, other components of the electromagnetic spectrum, and their imaging characteristics. 2.3 discusses imaging sensors and how they are used to generate digital images. 2.4 introduces the concepts of uniform image sampling and gray 1evel quantization. 2.5 deals with some basic relationships between pixels. 2.6 defines the conditions for linear operations. 2.4 Image Sampling and Quantization objective Generate digital images from sensed data. The output of most sensors is a continuous voltage waveform whose amplitude and spatial behavior are related to the physical phenomenon being sensed. To create a digital image, we need to convert the continuous sensed data into digital form. two processes：sampling and quantization. Sampling digitalized in spatial domain Quantization digitalized in amplitude 2.4.2 Representing Digital Images The result of sampling and quantization is a matrix of real numbers. Assume that an image f(x,y) is sampled so that the resulting digital image has M rows and N columns. The values of the coordinates (x,y) now become discrete quantities. We use integer values for these discrete coordinates. Thus, the values of the coordinates at the origin are (x,y)=(0,0). The next coordinate values along the first row of the image are represented as (x,y)=(0,1). 2.4.2 Representing Digital Images the complete M×N digital image in the following compact matrix form: 2.4.2 Representing Digital Images Each element of this matrix array is called an image element, picture element, pixel, or pel. 2.4.2 Representing Digital Images The sampling process may be viewed as partitioning the xy plane into a grid. f(x,y) is digital image f(x,y), and f is a function that assigns a gray-level to each distinct pair of coordinates (x,y). This functional assignment obviously is the quantization process. If the gray levels also are integers, the