产品售后警示义研究——以美国法为中心.pdfVIP

产品售后警示义务研究——以美国法为中心 中文摘要 产品售后警示义务研究 ——以美国法为中心 中文摘要 制售者售后警示义务的建立要考虑很多复杂的问题。本文认为需要售后警示的缺 陷是产品进入流通领域后才被制售者知晓的缺陷，而不是产品进入流通领域后才出现 的。售后警示义务区别于售前警示义务和售后召回义务单独存在，也不是产品跟踪观 察义务的组成部分。当判定制售者是否存在售后警示义务时，需结合产品性质、损害 程度及可能性、确定使用者的难易、警示成本等具体因素。 售后警示义务存在时，不履行售后警示义务的行为都构成侵权责任吗？本文认为 售后警示义务是安全注意义务，是制售者需要承担的作为义务，具有强制性。售后警 示义务要求制售者在一定情形下积极主动“作为”，若没有相应作为导致损害实际发 生时便会构成不作为侵权，违反售后警示义务的侵权责任在性质上属于不作为侵权。 在侵权责任的承担上，本文认为一旦侵权责任成立，制售者需要对受害人的损失 承担补偿性损害赔偿责任，不需要承担惩罚性赔偿。生产者是损害赔偿的最终责任人， 销售者在承担赔偿责任之后可以向生产者追偿。 关键词：售后警示义务；安全注意义务；不作为侵权 作 者：王 雅 指导老师：史浩明 I Abstract Study on the Post-sale Duty to Warn——Centered on the American Law Study on the Post-sale Duty to Warn ——Centered on the American Law Abstract The producer or the seller will bear a post-sale duty to warn if defects that will bring in losses for users are found after their products entered into market. The requirement of the defects is that the defects are known by the producer or the seller after the products entered into the market, not the defects are existed after the selling. Different from the on-sale duty warn or the post-sale duty to recall, the post-sale duty to warn is a duty existed independently, not the part of the follow-up observation obligations. When judging whether there is a post-sale duty to warn shall take the following factors into consideration: nature of the product, nature of the losses, finding the users, warning cost and so on. Post-sale duty to warn is part of duty of care, asking the produ