内蒙古科技大学电子信息专业英语翻译.docVIP

Unit3 27-2In the binary system of representation the base is 2, and only two numerals 0 and 1 are required to represent a number. The numerals 0 and 1 have the same meaning as in the decimal system, but a different interpretation is placed on the position occupied by a digit. In the binary system the individual digits represent the coefficients of powers of two rather than ten as in the decimal system. For example, the decimal number 19 is written in the binary representation as 10011 since 10011=1×24+0×23+0×22+1×21+1×20=16+0+0+2+1=19 A short list of equivalent numbers in decimal and binary notation is given in Table 3.2. 二进制示数系统中的基数是二，且只有0和1两个数被用以示数。0和1在这里与在十进制中具有一样的意义，但每个数位表示的不一样。二进制系统中每个数字表示二的幂系数，而十进制中表示十的幂系数。例如，十进制数19在二进制中表示为10011因为 10011=1×24+0×23+0×22+1×21+1×20=16+0+0+2+1=19 二进制和十进制数相等数字见表3.2. 27-3A general method for converting from a decimal to a binary number is indicated in Table 3.3. The procedure is the following. Place the decimal number (in this illustration, 19) on the extreme right. Next divide by 2 and place the quotient (9) to the left and indicate the remainder (1) directly below it. Repeat this process (for the next column 9? =4 and a remainder of 1) until a quotient of 0 is obtained. The array of 1’s and 0’s in the second row is the binary representation of the origin decimal number. In this example, decimal 19=10011 binary. 十进制转换成二进制的一般方法如图3.3。过程如下：把十进制数（图中的19）放在最右端，接下来除以2，把商（9）放在左边并直接在其下方标明余数（1）。重复这个步骤（下一列为9÷2=4余1），直到商为0截止。第二行中的1和0就是原始十进制数的二进制表示。此例中，十进制19=二进制10011. 28-1A binary digit (a 1 or a 0) is called a bit. A group of bits that has the same significance is called a byte, word, or code. For example, to represent the 10 numerals (0, 1, 2, …, 9) and the 26 letters of the English alphabet would require 36 different combinations of 1抯 and 0抯. Since 253626, then a minimum of 6 bits per bite are required in order to accommodate all the alphanumeric characters. In this sense a bite is sometimes referred to as a character and a group of