[CPS历史]宋代枢密院的失势与军事决策权的转移.pdfVIP

·37 · 　　　　　　史 　学 　月 　刊 　　　　　　　　　　　 2004 年 　　第 2 期 宋代枢密院的失势与军事决策权的转移 傅 礼 白 ( 山东大学 法学院, 山东 济南 250100) [ 关键词] 宋朝 ;枢密院 ;宰相 ;权力 [摘　要] 学术界关于宋代相权削弱的观点 ,其核心论据是将枢密院视为分割宰相权力的一个建制 ,认为 宋代军权由枢密院专掌 ,中书宰相无权过问 ,仅是行政首脑而已。其实 ,在两宋时期 ,宰相的军权自始至终一 直存在 ,并且渐次加强 ;与此相对应的是枢密院的权力、地位逐步削弱 ,并最终沦为宰相的下属机构。这一局 面的形成是由宋代重文抑武的基本国策所决定的。宋初面临的主要社会矛盾也决定了以枢密使专司军政的 目的是分割、削弱枢密使权力,还政于宰相。 [ 中图分类号] K244 ;D691. 2 = 44 　[ 文献标识码] A 　[ 文章编号] (2004) The Power Decline of Privy Council and the Transfer of Military Power in Song Dynasty FU Libai ( L aw School , S handong U niversity , Ji nan 250100 , S handong , Chi na) Key Words :Song dynasty ; Privy Council ;the prime minister ;power Abstract : In the academic circles ,there is a point of view about the weakening of the power of the prime minister in the Song dy nasty. The argument is that the establishment of Privy Council was to divide up the power of prime minister. According to this view ,Privy Council exclusively holds the military power in the Song dynasty ,and the prime minister has no power to interfere , for he was no more than an administrator. In fact ,throughout the Song dynasty ,the military power was in the hand of the prime minister. On the other hand the Power of Privy council declined guadually until finally ,it became an inferior organ of the prime minister ’s office. This situation was decided by the basic national policy which attached importance to “the civil ”,but restrained “the military ”. Moreover ,the main social contradiction faced by the Song dynasty decided that the purpose was to divide up , weaken the power of Privy Council and to give it