Characteristics of flow through small sharpedged cylindrical orifice.pdfVIP

Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 10 (1999) 133–143 Characteristics of flow through small sharp-edged cylindrical orifices K. Ramamurthi *, K. Nandakumar Propulsion Research and Studies Group, Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, Trivandrum 695 547, India Received 19 October 1998; received in revised form 5 January 1999; accepted 4 February 1999 Abstract The discharge coefficients for flow through small sharp-edged cylindrical orifices of diameters between 0.3 and 2 mm and aspect ratios between 1 and 50 are evaluated. The characteristics of flow in the separated, attached and cavitated flow regions are determ- ined. It is shown that while the discharge coefficient scales with the Reynolds number and aspect ratio in the attached flow regions, the diameter influences the discharge coefficient in the separated flow region. The onset of cavitation in the orifice is also seen to be dependent on the diameter and aspect ratio. The hysteresis in the flow and the violent disintegration of the jet observed for an aspect ratio of about 5 are discussed.  1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Flow measurement; Sharp-edged orifaces; Discharge coefficients; Cavitation; Flow hysterisis Nomenclature Subscripts amb ambient A 2 o orifice area (m ) cr critical C constant f friction C coefficient of contraction in the flow c