机械制造专业英语考核.docVIP

机械制造 专业英语 毕 业 考 核 任课老师：吴海生 班 级：机制11302 姓 名： 孙康 学 号： Reading Comprehension (1) Heat Treatment of Die Steels Although alloy steels contain elements such as chromium, molybdenum and vanadium. Two constituents are essential for heat treatment: iron, termed ferrite in metallography, and carbon,which combines with iron to form cementite, the hard intermetallic compound Fe3C. These two constituents form a eutectoid structure known as pearlite when the steel is cooled slowly enough to reach equilibrium, but by rapid cooling the steel is hardened. When such a quenched steel is tempered, structures with mechanical properties intermediate between those of the slowly cooled and the quenched conditions are formed. In recent years there has been a greater understanding of the complex structural changes taking place during heat treatment,with the help of phase transformation diagrams. Use of these diagrams can lead to better control of the heat treatment cycle which in turn will ensure that optimum properties and maximum die life are achieved. Surface Treatments for Steels During the past 20 years,several processes have been introduced to obtain enhanced surface hardness of steels.Some of them have developed from case carburizing and nitriding, to obtain shorter processing times with better environmental control and improved properties. Various salt bath processes have been used and now a wide range of new methods is available. In the die casting industry surface treatments are applied to steels to improve the properties of nozzles, ejector pins, cores and shot sleeves, to provide maximum resistance to erosion, pitting and soldering.. Treatment of die cavities has received only limited acclaim, because the complex thermal pattern,produced on large die components lead to stresses which are sufficiently high to break through the thin surface treated layers, leading