适用于GPS软件接收机的弱信号捕获方法.docVIP

适用于GPS软件接收机的弱信号捕获方法 摘 要:为了解决全球定位系统(gps)软件接收机中弱信号捕获存在灵敏度和运算效率低的问题,提出了一种基于快速傅里叶变换(fft)改进的差分相干累积算法。通过对去载波后的中频信号进行块累加处理,解决了相干积分时间的限制;根据fft频移特性,采用多普勒圆周移位搜索替代频率补偿搜索,减少了fft运算量;同时采用了不同的下变频,降低了频域分量间的损耗;对相干积分结果进行了差分相干累积,相对于传统的非相干累积,提高了信噪比。实验结果表明,该算法在-39db的低信噪比环境下仍能捕获到所有微弱信号,具有较高的灵敏度和运算效率。 关键词:全球定位系统;弱信号;捕获;快速傅里叶变换;差分相干累积;软件接收机  weak signal acquisition method for gps software receiver  li shan, yi qingming*, chen qing, shi min ( department of electronic engineering, jinan university, guangzhou guangdong 510632, china ) abstract: for high sensitivity and operation efficiency in weak signal acquisition of global positioning system (gps) software receiver, a differential coherent accumulated acquisition algorithm based on fast fourier transform (fft) was proposed. the limitation of coherent integration time was overcome by block accumulation of demodulated gps intermediate frequency data. based on fft frequency shift characteristics, a doppler circular frequency search was used to achieve low computation instead of frequency compensation search. the loss in frequency was resolved by different down conversions. compared to the original incoherent accumulation, signaltonoise ratio (snr) was improved by differential coherent accumulation of coherent results. the weak signal in a -39db poor snr environment was successfully acquired in experiments. high sensitivity and operation efficiency of the proposed algorithm were confirmed by the experimental results. key words: global positioning system (gps); weak signal; acquisition; fast fourier transform (fft); differential coherent accumulation; software receiver  0 引言 近年来, 全球定位系统(global positioning system, gps)软件接收机是卫星导航领域的一个非常重要的课题和发展方向[1]。与硬件接收机不同,软件接收机对信号的捕获和跟踪都由软件完成,具有很好的灵活性和适应性,但其运算能力和硬件相比,还有一定的差距。而随着导航用户对于各种低信噪比环境(如市中心、立交桥、隧道、森林或室内)下接收机性能的需求越来越大,如何在保持运算效率的同时,能灵敏地捕获到微弱gps信号并定位,是软件接收机信号捕获技术的研究重点。其中,串行搜索算法[2]与循环相关算法[3]是一直以来研究改进的热点:串行搜索算法简单易实现,但其捕获时间较长;循环相关算法是一种基于 快速傅里叶变换（fast fourier transform, fft）的频域捕获算法,其捕获