锝在乏燃料后处理循环中的行为及对环境的影响及英文翻译.docVIP

原文： Technetium: behaviour during reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and in environmental objects Abstract： The review surveys main chemical properties of techne-tium,methods of its isolation and determination and its behavior during reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and in environmental objects. Methods for extraction and isolation of technetium as a hazardous long-lived radionuclide are described. Prospects of using technetium in industrial processes and in medicine are considered. The bibliography includes 276 references. I. Introduction Technetium is a Group VII element, which was first prepared by nuclear synthesis in the mid-twentieth century. The characteristic feature of technetium is that all its isotopes with mass numbers from 90 to 110 are radioactive. Technetium is an artificial element and does not occur in nature. However, more than 60 tonnes of Tc have accumulated in the world because spent nuclear fuel (SNF) has a high Tc content (0.6 g per kilogram of 235U in the case of 50% burn-up).1 Large amounts of fission products (FP), including Tc, were released into the environment from nuclear weapon production and nuclear power engineering. Since the 99Tc isotope has a long half-life, it is a very hazardous radioactive element. Besides, technetium shows a high migration ability and some of its compounds are volatile. The main chemical and physicochemical properties of technetium are well known and were described in monographs andreviews as well as in the handbook published in 1999.10 However, many new studies published in recent years require generalisation. Besides, progress in nuclear power engineering has generated a need for additional studies of the behaviour of Tcduring reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and in environmental objects. The lack of the necessary information on important radiochemical properties and behaviour of technetium in natural objects has already led to contamination of the environment by a large amount of Tc. The present review s