乒乓球运动接发球判断的思维活动特征.pdfVIP

摘 要 本课题运用时间阻断和空间阻断两种技术探讨了乒乓球运动员在接发球时 判断的思维活动特征。被试为国家队、省市队现役选手、北京体育大学竞技体 育学院和体育教育学院学生，共60 名。实验采用自行开发的“乒乓球运动员接 发球判断测试系统”进行。使用多元方差分析对数据进行分析。 时间阻断的实验结果显示，优秀组、普高组和一般组之间在接发球旋转判 断的准确性方面均存在显著性差异，说明接发球旋转判断的准确性是一个有效 的、适用于中高级选材的指标。但是，在接发球落点判断成绩方面，只在优秀 组与一般组之间存在显著差异，优秀组与普高组之间未发现差异。因此，接发 球落点判断成绩可以作为选材的一个辅助性指标加以使用。 空间阻断实验结果显示：发球员的发球动作主要对接发球员判断的准确性 产生影响，而对判断的速度相关并不密切。其中落点判断准确性受球拍和躯干 动作影响较大，而旋转判断准确性则主要受球拍运动的影响。 研究讨论了乒乓球运动员接发球判断过程中的思维活动特点。乒乓球运动 员在接发球时的落点判断是一个连续性的过程，而旋转判断则主要在拍触球之 前 80ms 到拍触球时的一个狭小区间内进行。优秀运动员在接发球判断时最重 要的思维活动特点是能够在恰当的、短暂的时间内有效地捕捉到对解决问题有 帮助的重要相关信息，并同时忽略无关信息的干扰。 关键词：乒乓球，接发球，判断，思维，认知，RT 1 Thinking Activity of Anticipation in Table Tennis Reception This research, using temporal and event occlusion techniques, explored the features of thinking activity of anticipation in table tennis reception. 60 elite, sub-elite, and less skilled male players, who were from national team and provincial teams, college of competitive sports and college of physical education respectively, were assessed using “Anticipation Test System of Table Tennis Reception”. MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) was used to analyze the data. The result of temporal occlusion experiment showed that there were significant differences between all the elite, sub-elite and less skilled groups in the accuracy of spin-anticipation in reception, suggesting that the accuracy of spin-anticipation was an effective criterion for talent identification in table tennis. However, in the performance of placement-anticipation, the significant difference was only found between elite and less skilled groups, suggesting that the performance of placement-anticipation could be applied as an accessorial criterion for talent