超声波在高精度测距系统中的应用.doc

目 录 摘要 Abstract II 第1章绪论 1.1 课题研究的意义 1.2 超声波测距的应用及发展现状 1.2.1 超声波测距的应用 1 1.2.2 超声波测距的发展概况 2 第2章 超声波测距的基本原理 2.1 超声波的基本特点 2.2 超声波传感器 2.2.1 超声波传感器的分类 5 2.2.2 压电式超声波传感器工作原理 6 2.3 超声测距原理 第3章 超声波高精度测距系统的关键技术方案 3.1超声波测距的方法 3.2盲区处理 3.3测量精度的问题 - 10 - 3.3.1 影响测量精度的因素 - 10 - 3.3.2 提高测量精度的措施 - 12 - 第4章 超声波高精度测距系统设计 - 13 - 4.1 超声波高精度测距系统总体组成 - 13 - 4.2 超声波高精度测距系统的工作原理 - 13 - 4.3 超声波高精度系统各部分硬件组成 - 13 - 4.3.1 C8051F040单片机特点及外围电路的设计 - 13 - 4.3.2 超声波发射电路 - 17 - 4.3.3 超声波接收电路 - 18 - 4.4超声波显示电路 - 20 - 4.5 超声波高精度测距系统的软件设计 - 21 - 4.5.1 系统软件设计原理 - 21 - 4.5.2 系统软件设计框图 - 25 - 4.5.3单片机的C程序设计 - 27 - 总结 - 37 - 参考文献 - 38 - 致谢 - 39 - 附录 - 40 - 对于被测物处于黑暗、有灰尘、烟雾、电磁干扰、有毒等恶劣的环境下有一定的适应能力。pply of The Ultrasonic Ranging in The High-precision Ranging Abstract Ultrasonic ranging is a kand of non-contact styled manner, compared with other methods(for instance electromagnetic or method of optics), it is not affected by light,color of the object, as to examining the thing is in dark, has dust , smog, interferes , poisonous etc. having certain adaptive capacity electromagnetically under the abominable environment.So,study the apply of the Ultrasonic Ranging in the High-precision Ranging has important reality meanings. This article, first introduces the development and application of ultrasonic ranging, the basic working principle of ultrasonic sensors and ultrasonic ranging, the core technologies of ultrasonic ranging system and the methods of how to improve the ranging precision of ultrasonic distance measurement system. And then, through designing a small high-precision ultrasonic ranging system, this article discusses the structure and the working principle of ultrasonic ranging system in detail. This article also analyses the implementation of transmit-receive circuit, the characteristics of C8051F040 singlechip, and the singlechips peripheral circuit and the development environment of such integrated circuit and its programme. Keyword：Ultrasonic，Singlechip， High-precision Ranging