特质焦虑对愤怒面孔注意偏向的实验研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 Spielberger 将焦虑分为特质焦虑和状态焦虑，特质焦虑是指在焦虑倾向上所表现 出的相对持久的、稳定的个体差异，即把外界环境刺激知觉为危险的或威胁的倾向，以 及对这个威胁可能产生焦虑反应的倾向，而状态焦虑是一种短暂的紧张情绪状态。在大 量的有关特质焦虑的认知研究中，研究者围绕特质焦虑与注意偏向的关系进行了深入的 研究，形成了一系列的相关理论。 本研究包括两个实验。实验 1 为一般行为实验，记录被试对刺激的反应时。实验2 为眼动实验，记录被试的搜索反应时与识别反应时。采用 Spielberger 编制的状态-特 质焦虑量表中的特质焦虑量表(STAI-T)筛选出60 名被试，其中高低特质焦虑组各30 人。 筛选出来的有效被试参加视觉搜索任务，呈现的每张组图包括7 张面孔，实验1 中所有 组图中一共有4 种面孔(愤怒，微笑，悲伤与中性)，实验2 中有3 种(愤怒，微笑与中 性)，被试的任务是判断组图中的7 张面孔是否相同。 结果表明：高特质焦虑个体对含有愤怒面孔的组图的反应时显著短于含有微笑面孔 的组图和含有悲伤面孔的组图，表现出了一种对威胁刺激的注意偏向;低特质焦虑个体 对三种类型的组图反应时没有差异，没有出现注意偏向。高特质焦虑个体搜索愤怒面孔 显著快于微笑面孔，识别愤怒面孔也快于微笑面孔。 关键词：特质焦虑 注意偏向 搜索 识别 III Abstract According to Spielberger anxiety can be classified as trait anxiety and stat anxiety. Trait anxiety is considered as a kind of personality trait and the stable individual difference from the perspective of anxiety disposition. State anxiety is considered as temporary state of anxiety. The relationship between trait anxiety and attentional bias becomes the focus among large numbers of cognitive studies related with anxiety. Some researchers put forward interrelated theories after deep and systematic discussion about it. This study includes two experiments. In the first experiment, measure of attentional bias is action time to stimulus. In the second experiment, the eye fixations were monitored. Measures included the time of finding and identifying The State-Trait Anxiety scale (STAI-T) by Spielberger will be applied in these two experiments. There are 60 participants ，in which 30 for High/Low Trait Anxiety group respectively. The qualified participants will take part in the visual search task. Displays of four schematic faces (angry, sad, happy, or neutral) were presented in the first exper