09 JAC Influence of heat-treatment temperature on crystal structure.pdfVIP

Journal of Alloys and Compounds 467 2009 327–331 In?uence of heat-treatment temperature on crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of LiV3O8 prepared by hydrothermal reaction Jiaqiang Xu a,b,?, Hailin Zhang a , Tao Zhangb , Qingyi Panb , Yanghai Gui a a College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China b Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China Received 4 July 2007; received in revised form 26 November 2007; accepted 27 November 2007 Available online 4 December 2007 Abstract The LiV3 O8 samples with different morphologies have been successfully prepared by a mixed hydrothermal–sol–solid-state route via the reaction of vanadium pentoxide V2 O5 and lithium hydrate LiOH at 200 ?C in basic medium and subsequent gelation at 100 ?C and thermal treatment at 300–550 ?C. The crystal structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction XRD , speci?c surface area measurements and scanning electron microscopy SEM . Their electrochemical properties were investigated by means of constant charge/discharge cycling measurement. The results indicated that the calcination temperature has a signi?cant effect on the crystal structure, morphology, and speci?c surface area of the LiV3 O8 samples, which consequently affects their electrochemical performance such as the initial capacity and the cycleability. The sample heat-treated at 300 ?C shows the morphology of irregular blocks with low degree of crystallinity and high speci?c surface area, exhibiting high initial discharge capacity of 277.7 mAh g?1 but a fast capacity fade. In contrast, the samples annealed at higher temperature with perfectly uniform rod-like morphology show much better cycle performance. ? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Lithium-ion batteries; Cathode material; Hydrothermal process; Morphology; Electrochem