1.Examination of copper stainless steel joints formed by explosive welding.pdfVIP

Materials Design Materials and Design 26 2005 497–507 /locate/matdes Examination of copper/stainless steel joints formed by explosive welding Ahmet Durgutlu a, Behc?et Gulenc? a, Fehim Findik b,* ¨ a Technical Education Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey b Department of Materials Technology, Technical Education Faculty, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Adapazari 54090, Turkey Received 6 February 2004; accepted 27 July 2004 Available online 23 September 2004 Abstract In this study, bonding ability of copper and steel with explosion welding was investigated using di?erent ratios of explosive and di?erent stand-o? distance. Experimental studies showed out that, copper and stainless steel could be bonded with a good quality of bonding properties with explosion welding. In the bonding interface, intermetallics were not formed. It was observed that, when explosive ratio and stand-o? distance were increased smooth bonding interface was transformed to a wavy bonding interface. As the ratio of explosive and stand-o? distance increase, the amplitude and wavelength of wave were increased. It was found that, hard- ness of bonding interface and outer face of plates were increased because of deformation that was originating from impact the e?ect. Total interface area increased as a result of wavy interface, which was caused by increased explosive ratio and stand-o? distance. In addition, wavy interfaces did not separate after tensile-shearing test. Bending tests applied on bonded samples had di?erent diam- eters indicated that interfaces of the bonded samples have not any defect. EDS analyses in SEM showed that di?usion did not take place between bonding plates, however, di?usion was observed after annealing of the bonded samples for di?erent times. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Welding and joining; Explosive welding; Copper–stainless steel; Explosive ratio 1. Introduction unlike joining processes are roll bonding, pressure weld- ing, fricti