13C-NMR Study on Cure-Accelerated Phenol-Formaldehyde.pdfVIP

13C-NMR Study on Cure-Accelerated Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins with Carbonates BYUNG-DAE PARK,* BERNARD RIEDL De′partement des Science du Bois, CERSIM, Universite′ Laval, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada, G1K 7P4 ABSTRACT: Both liquid- and solid-state carbon-13–nuclear magnetic resonance 13C- NMR spectroscopies were used to investigate the cure acceleration effects of three carbonates propylene carbonate, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate on liq- uid and cured phenol-formaldehyde PF resins. The liquid-phase 13C-NMR spectra showed that the cure acceleration mechanism in the propylene carbonate-added PF resin seemed to be involved in increasing reactivity of the phenol rings, whereas the addition of both sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate into PF resin apparently resulted in the presence of ortho–ortho methylene linkages. Proton spin-lattice rotating frame relaxation time T1H measured by solid-state 13C cross polarization/magic- angle spinning NMR spectroscopy was smaller for the cure-accelerated PF resins than that of the control PF resin. The result indicated that the cure-accelerated PF resins are less rigid than the control PF resin. ? 2000 John Wiley Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1284–1293, 2000 Key words: PF resin; carbonates; cure acceleration; solid-state C-13 NMR; T1H INTRODUCTION urea-formaldehyde UF resin has been used for those materials as a binder. Despite its low cost Phenolic resins made from the reaction of phenol and proven performance in wood panels, the poor with formaldehyde were among the ?rst fully syn- durability and stability of UF-bonded wood pan- thetic polymers, discovered by Baekeland, and els limits its uses to interior and nonstructural still ?nd very wide commercial applications.1 applications such as furniture production and Phenol-formaldehyde PF resin is classi?ed as an decorative panels. In all, these limitations are exter