1h chemical equation.pptVIP

TheNatureofAqueousSolutions:StrongandWeakElectrolytesOneusefulpropertyforcharacterizingasolutionisitselectricalconductivity,itsabilitytoconductanelectriccurrent.electricalconductivityofsolutionDifferencebetweenelectrolyteandnonelectrolytesAnelectrolyteisasubstancethatwhendissolvedinwaterproducesasolutionthatcanconductelectricity.NonelectrolytesaresubstancesthatdissolveinwaterbutitcannotconductelectricityStrongElectrolytes: Strongelectrolytesaresolutionswhoseelectricalconductivityishigh.Theyaregoodconductorsofelectricity.thebulbshinesverybrightly;thesesolutionscontainstrongelectrolytes.StrongElectrolytesStrongelectrolytesthatarecompletelyionizedwhentheyaredissolvedinwater,asrepresentedinFig.asaltconsistsofanarrayofcationsandanionsthatseparateandbecomehydratedwhenthesaltdissolves.HowtorepresentthisprocessofionizationIonizationreactionequation:NaCl(s)→Na+(aq)+Cl-(aq)H2ONaCl(aq)→Na+(aq)+Cl-(aq)Ionizationistheprocessofconvertingmoleculeinto the form of ions, as by dissolving.Threeclassesofstrongelectrolytesare:oSolubleSaltsoStrongAcidsoStrongBasesSolubleSaltsAnysaltthatreadilydissolvesandcompletelyionizedinwaterproducesastrongelectrolytewhenitissodissolvedNaCl(aq)→Na+(aq)+Cl-(aq)StrongAcids:StrongAcids: an acid isasubstancethationizesinaqueoussolutiontogenerateH+ ions.Iftheionizationiscompleteornearlycomplete,theacidsolutionisagoodconductorofelectricity,andtheacidisregardedasastrongacid.StrongBases:abaseisasubstancethationizesinaqueoussolutiontoproducehydroxideions(OH-).Basesthationizecompletelyareregardedasstrongbases.StrongBases:WeakElectrolytes:Aweakelectrolyteisan electrolyte thatdoesnotcompletelydissociatein solution.Thesolutionwillcontainboth ions and molecules oftheelectrolyte.Forexample,aceticacid(theessenceofvinegar),willreadilydissolveinwater,butonlyaround1%ofaceticacidmoleculeswillionizetoformhydrogenionsandacetateions. Onlyasmallpercentageofthemoleculesareionized.Aceticacid(HC2H3O2)existsinwatermostlyasundissociatedmolecules.Themostcommonweakelectrolytesare:o