2 --ORIGIN OF COAL.pdfVIP

ENGLISH FOR MINING ENGINEERING 采矿工程英语（双语） 袁越 湖南科技大学能源与安全学院 LESSON 2 ORIGIN OF COAL That coal has formed from accumulations of plant material has been well established. Estimates indicate that approximately 0.9 to 2.1 m 3 to 7 ft of reasonably compacted plant material was required to form 0.3 m 1 ft of bituminous coal. well established 多年建立的 bituminous coal 烟煤 LESSON 2 ORIGIN OF COAL What were the conditions that so many times permitted the accumulation of great thickness of plant material that sometimes blanketed hundreds and even thousands of square miles blanket 覆盖 square miles 平方英里 LESSON 2 ORIGIN OF COAL Conditions similar to at least some of those that must have prevailed in the geologic past exist today in a wide variety of swamp areas in different parts of world. prevail 普遍，流行 swamp 沼泽，煤层聚水洼 LESSON 2 ORIGIN OF COAL Accumulation of vegetal matter is now occurring in areas of the world ranging from subarctic to tropical resulting in formation of peat. Two major types of peat land can be recognized: （1） that developing on continental interior areas relatively elevated above sea level, and （2 ）that forming in low coastal areas close to sea level. vegetal matter 植物体 subarctic 近北极的，亚北极的 tropical 热带的 peat 泥炭，泥煤 LESSON 2 ORIGIN OF COAL In both types of areas, peat formation requires that growth of vegetation exceed that of decay and that the plant material be allowed to accumulate and not be removed by erosion . Both types of peat land meet this condition because they are in poorly drained areas where high levels of ground water protect vegetable debris from normal rapid decay. decay 腐烂 debris 碎屑 poorly drained 排水不良的 LESSON 2 ORIGIN OF COAL Small peat bogs also occur in a variety of small undrained depressions, both inland and on coastal areas. Originally in these bogs only water- dwelling plants grew, but as the shallow border areas of these depressions filled in, larger plants, including trees, gradually were able to grow an