《heavy hole and light hole》.pdf

Chapter 3 SEMICONDUCTOR BANDSTRUCTURE In this chapter we present gures discussing bandstructures of imp ortant semiconductors and the concept of doping and mobile carriers. SEMICONDUCTOR BANDSTRUCTURE In semiconductors we are pimarily interested in the valence band and conduction band. Moreover, for most applications we are interested in what happens near the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band. These states originate from the atomic levels of the valence shell in the elements making up the semiconductor. IV Semiconductors C 1s2 2 2 2s 2p 2 2 6 2 2 Si 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 2 Ge 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p III-V Semiconductors 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 1 Ga 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 2 2 6 2 6 10 2 3 As 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p Outermost atomic levels are either s-type or p -type. © Prof. Jasprit Singh /~singh BANDSTRUCTURE OF SEMICONDUCTORS The k-vector for the electrons in a crystal is limited to a space called the Brillouin zone. The figure shows the Brillouin zone for the fcc lattice relevant for most semiconductors. The values and notations of certain important k-points are also shown. Most semiconductors have bandedges of allowed bands at one of these points. IMPORTANT HIGH SYMMETRY POINTS Γ point: k = 0 = k = k L x y z X point: k = 2π ; k = k = 0 Γ x y z a