key points concerning basic listening rules.pptVIP

Problems Summarized Vocabulary Pronunciation Context Cultural difference Noticing Listening style Psychological factors Listening habit Vocabulary insufficient / limited large but poor at pronunciation ★ small but accurate in pronunciation small inaccurate in pronunciation ★ insufficient / limited enlarge your vocabulary by summarizing new words in our textbook and listening materials, reviewing known words repeatedly, making sentences with new words, and talking with others with the aid of these new words. large but poor at pronunciation know some basic pronunciation rules, do as much imitation as possible, watch English films to get familiar with authentic ArE. Or BrE., find more opportunities to talk with native speakers, and listen to English lectures if possible. Pronunciation Stress (重音) Link-up(连读) Weak form(弱读) Plosives(爆破音) Elision(省音) Imitation (模仿) Word Stress (词重音) a. 主重音 b. 次重音 c. 零重音(非重读) eg. international/television/insurance 音调/音量/音长 （不同，词汇意义不同） eg. record/desert/present/insult/protest 英语中没有显著地重音规则，但字典中的音标很清楚，标有重音 Syllable (音节) 在英语中，一个元音构成一个音节； 如a [ei]; ear [i?] 音节通常由一个元音加一个或几个辅音构成。如：hope[h?up], car [kɑ:] 根据单词的音节数，单词可分为单/双/多音节词 。 如cook [kuk] 单音节 study [‘st?di] 双音节 beautiful [‘bju:t?f?l]多音节 双音节单词 1）多数双音节词只有一个重读音节。 eg. promise / foreign / recent enough / elect / police 2）许多双音节词有名词和动词词性，重音在第一音节为名词，重音在第二音节为动词。 eg. subject / increase / conflict 3)有的双音节词，既是动词又是名词，但重音在相同音节。 eg. exchange / control / comfort support / contact / surprise 4) 反身代词重音都在self上 eg. myself /itself /yourself / themselves 三音节词 1）许多三音节词只有一个重音和两个非重音音节。 eg. animal / politics /expensive /fortunate / decision /accurate 2)有的不但有重读音，还有次重音。 eg. 1advo1cate / appetite / indicate 多音节词 一个词具有四个或四个以上的音节； 1）许多多音节词的主重音在第二个音节。 eg. cooperate / democracy / appreciate 2)但有的重音不是落在第二个音节。 eg. legislature / comfortable agriculture / independence 复合名词 1) 无论复合名词被写成一个词还是两个词，重音一般落在组合名词第一个成分的重读音节上，次重音在第二个音节上。 eg. drugstore / toothpaste sunglasses / tra