曹操家族DNA调查的历史学基础.pdfVIP

16(S):46-52 COM. on C. A. 4:e8, 2010 ª 现代人类学通讯 第四卷 2010 年 Communication on Contemporary Anthropology Vol. 4 专题综述 Historical Background for the DNA Investigation of the CÁO Cào Clan HAN Sheng Department of History and Center for Anthropological Studies, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 China ABSTRACT: While many believe the mausoleum excavated in Anyang to be CAO Cao’s tomb, no strong evidence has been found. Therefore, historians and molecular anthropologists must work together to identify the owner of the mausoleum. This study covers the clarification of the CAO clan’s origins and questions whether or not the CAO clan was annihilated during a coup to end their dynasty. We found that the CAO clan did not descend from the Xiahou clan because surname changes were not acceptable within the aristocracy during the Han dynasty. We also concluded that the CAO clan was not completely destroyed as we found CAO descendants living in southern China by examining their stemmas. DNA comparisons between today’s CAO clan and the remains found in the Anyang mausoleum could eventually determine who is buried in the mausoleum. Key words: CAO Cao; Xiahou; Stemma; Historical anthropology 曹操家族 DNA 调查的历史学基础 韩昇 复旦大学历史系、现代人类学研究中心，上海 200433 摘要： 安阳大墓主人身份的鉴定，可以通过历史学和生命科学的合作研究来完成，其前提是要确认曹操家族 的世系，以及西晋篡魏过程中是否发生对曹氏皇族的灭族屠杀，以确认曹氏有后人存世与否。至于曹氏与夏 侯氏的关系则可以从西汉创业功臣家族的本籍地聚居和曹氏宗族的过继关系来探明。族谱调查是确定今日曹 氏地域分布的重要线索，假冒改姓的问题，乃至曹彰的民族成分等问题，在今日都可以通过生命科学的方法 增加一条确证的科学之路。曹魏帝室有后裔留在世上，众多家谱就成为今日寻找曹氏 DNA 的重要线索。这项 研究最大的意义在于为历史学和分子人类学共同研究古代史探索出一条可行之路，建立今后研究的范本。 关键词：曹操；夏侯；谱系；历史人类学 2009 年岁末，引起国内学界和民众最多 演变为社会问题，成为公众话题。就目前的 关注的学术事件，无疑就是河南省安阳市宣 情况来看，考古学发掘的证据不足以最后确 布发现了曹操墓，出土了三具尸骨，其中男 证墓中男尸就是曹操。我们还有其他的科学 性遗骸测定年龄在六十岁，另外两具为女性 手段吗？ 遗骸分别和中年和青年女子。河南省的考古