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《Lit_review_for_pump_project》.pdf
Handpumps Literature Review
Joseph Longenecker
November 2005
Introduction
Thousands of hand pump designs are manufactured worldwide and hundreds of them have been rigorously tested
by organizations such as the World Bank. Most of these pumps were designed by manufacturers across the globe
and not tested adequately; consequently they broke down and were unable to be repaired when used in
developing countries. A few pumps have been designed specifically for development work, but even these suffer
from design flaws. To put it simply, it is very hard to design a pump that will perform adequately, hold up under
human and environmental abuse, and be easily and cheaply maintainable when it does break This is a sobering
reality check for a project such as the current Mahadaga Pump Project.
Almost all of the data is somewhat dated, as most of the hand pump work was done in the 1980’s, but because
hand pumps are a low technology product, there is reason to believe that the findings presented below are still
valid.
A few conclusions are of particular relevance for this project. Most pump use either leather seal or some type of
high‐tech polymer. There is no evidence of anyone even trying to build a piston seal out of rubber inner tube.
Most hand pumps do not have head seals because they are intended for drinking water and there is no need to
pump into overhead storage barrels. Thus, there is very little information on head seal design. Most pumps have a
much shorter stroke than the Mahadaga pump and can house the linkage mechanism inside the pump stand itself.
This pump stand is usually a type of heavy wall tubing with the handle pivot
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