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Urban Wastewater and Sanitation Situation in Vientiane, Lao PDR
Phengkhamla Phonvisai
Pollution Control Division, Department of Environment
Water Resources and Environment Administration
E-mail: phonvisai@
Abstract
Rural to urban migration, tourism and industrial sector growth have significantly contributed
to increased waste production, both liquid and solid. Wastewater treatment needs more
attention in urban environment. In Vientiane, water and sanitation management in the urban
area is experiencing stagnant pollution. Unsanitary conditions and threat of seasonal pollution
in selected spots is likely to occur and increase with the growing urban population. The
sanitation system entails an on–site disposal of human waste without introduction of full
water-borne sewerage with treatment facility and safe disposal arrangement. The majorities of
households relies on water flush latrines and are connected to a pit or chamber for containment
of excreta. However, due to the low permeability of the soil and the high groundwater table
around Vientiane, many soak-a-ways fail to operate effectively resulting in discharge of
sewage from tanks into drainage channels or low lying areas. This results in polluted effluent
overflows, environmental degradation and health hazards.
Keywords: Urban Wastewater Discharge, Sanitation, Environmental Policy, Vientiane Capital
City, Lao PDR
Introduction
Urbanization is one of the most important demographic trends of the twenty-first century, and
growth has been particularly rapid in low-income countries. The majority of urban growth is
associated with rapid expansion and development of small urban centers. Much growth is
unplanned
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