Module 4 A Social Survey --- My Neighbourhood Grammar 2 课件(外研版必修1).ppt

Module 4 A Social Survey---My Neighborhood Grammar 高一外研版必修一 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生, 已经持续到现在, 并且还将持续, 或刚刚停止。其构成: have (has) +been + doing 我学英语已经学了十年了。 I have been learning English for three years. 我等你已经等了三个小时了。 I have been waiting three hours for you. 比较一般过去时与现在完成时 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或 单纯叙述过去的事情, 强调动作; 现在完成 时为过去发生的, 强调过去的事情对现在的 影响, 强调的是影响。 (2) 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用, 而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用, 或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week, …ago, in1980, in October, just now等, 皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, up to now, in the past … years,等, 皆不确定的时间状语。 (3) 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状 态, 动词一般是延续性的, 如live, teach, learn, work, study, know。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 例如： I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生 过了) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响, 电影的内容已经知道了) He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) She has returned from Paris. （她已从巴黎回来了。） She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来的。） 注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现 在完成时，要用过去时。 例如： (错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. (1). It is the first / second time.... that…结构 中的从句部分, 用现在完成时。 例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing. 用于现在完成时的句型 注意: It was the third time that the boy had been late. (2) This is +形容词最高级+that…结构, that 从句要用现在完成时。 例如： This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法： 一、用ago,使用一般过去时。 He left here three years ago. 二、用“It is +一段时间＋since ＋一般过去时从句 ” It is three years since he left here. 三、用“ 一段时间＋have/ has passed + since + 一般过去时从句” Three years have passed since he left here. 现在完成时与瞬间动词 以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。 另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。 1. 直接转化成延续