（广东专用）2015届高考英语一轮复习 非谓语动词非谓语动词导学案 北师大版.docVIP

非谓语动词 一、不定式 1．作主语 It is right to give up smoking. 2．作宾语 I find it interesting to study history. 3．作宾语补足语 He asked me to work with him. 4．作定语 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。 Please give me a knife to cut with. 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place，way，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较： Have you anything to send？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Have you anything to be sent？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”) 5．作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件 He hurried to the school only to find nobody there.(结果) 6．作表语 My job is to help the patient. 7．作独立成分 To tell the truth，I don’t agree with you. 二、动名词 1．动名词由动词＋ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 (1)作主语 Running is good for your health. (2)作表语 Her job is teaching. (3)作宾语 I avoided seeing him. We don’t allow smoking here. (4)作定语 He has a reading room. 2．动名词的复合结构 如果动名词的复合结构作宾语，其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，用普通格。 3．动名词的时态和语态 动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种。 We are interested in playing chess. 如果动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态。 I’m sorry for not having kept my promise. 主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词用被动语态。 He likes being helped. I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it. 三、分词 1．分词的时态和语态 (1)分词分为现在分词和过去分词，其否定形式为not＋分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式。 Being a student，he was interested in books. Having studied in it for three years，he knows the university very well. (2)现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态。 The question being discussed is important. Having been criticized by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smoking. 2．分词的用法 (1)作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。 The man standing by the window is our teacher. 注意：a.现在分词作定语时表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，要用定语从句。 The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. b．现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语，而用作后置定语。 ②过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。 This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer. 如果指的动作现在正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，可用现在分词的被动形式作定语。 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. (2)作状语 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等