2016届高三一轮英语大一轮复习（导学案）：名词和数词.docVIP

名词和数词 一、名词 1．名词的数 (1)常用作复数的名词 ①有些名词只用作复数或在一些固定用法中只用作复数，如：make preparations (＝prepare)。 ②成双成对的东西一般只用作复数，如：scissors(剪刀)，glasses，trousers，shorts(短裤)，socks(短袜)。 (2)抽象名词、物质名词具体化 a beauty(一个美人或一件美物) →a beauty(一个美人或一件美物) a must(一件必要的事或物) →a must(一件必要的事或物) a tea(一杯茶) →a tea(一杯茶) 2．名词作定语 (1)用名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，通常用单数形式，如：toothbrushes牙刷；bookmarks书签。 (2)man和woman这两个词比较特殊，用单数还是复数取决于被修饰的名词，如：a man doctor一名男大夫；two men doctors两名男大夫。 (3)还有少数名词用其复数形式作定语，如：a clothes shop一家服装店；a sports man一个运动员。 3．名词的所有格 (1)表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均须加’s，如：Jane’s and Mary’s bikes。 (2)表示共有的所有关系时，在最后一词末加’s，如：Jane and Mary’s father。 (3)表示“某人家”“店铺”，所有格后名词常省略，如：the doctor’s；the barber’s。 二、数词 1．倍数的表达法： (1)倍数＋比较级＋than He has read three times more books than I have. (2)倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as We have produced three times as many computers as we did last year. (3)倍数＋the＋n.(size，length，width，height...)＋of China is almost twice/double the size of Mexico in area. (4)倍数＋what从句 The length of the road is twice/double what it was three years ago. (5)比较级＋than...＋by＋倍数 The ruler is longer than that one by twice. 2．表示“每隔……”时，可以使用基数词或序数词，即“every＋基数词＋名词复数”或“every＋序数词＋名词单数”，如：表示“每隔两天”用every three days或every third day。 1．Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine.(2010·山东，33) A．relief B．safety C．defense D．shelter 2.James took the magazines off the little table to make________ for the television.(2010·天津，3) A．room B．area C．field D．position 3．The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good________.(2010·江苏，22) A．expectation B．reputation C．contribution D．civilization 4．The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct________.(2010·浙江，16) A．solution B．target C．measure D．function 5．—He says that my new car is a ________ of money. —Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes？(2009·山东，29) A．lack B．load C．question D．waste 一、根据汉语提示完成句子 1．—Believe it or not，last month in America I came across t