研究生dsp课件 第八章.pptVIP

* §8.4(11.1,2)Applications of DSP 8.4.1(11.1)DTMF A DTMF(Dual-Tone MultiFrequency) signal consists of a sum of Two tones.Each pair of such tones represents a unique number or A symbol.The digital implementation DTMF decoder(DSP chips) computes the DFT samples cloest in frequency to the 8 DTMF fundamental tones(and their respective second harmonics ). DTMF signal: The minimum duration: 40 ms. The sampling rate: 8kHz. Digital signal: The algorithm of decoder:DFT,with length N=205 for fundamental tone and N=201 for second harmonics(found). in Hz corresponds to The DFT index (see Table 11.2 in P757): 8.4.2(11.2)Spectral analysis of sinusoidal signals , the DTFT is To analyze in spectral domain using the DFT,we employ a finite-Length version of the sequence given by: …..(11.9) That means: Supposing We can use DFT to get the estimation of . The The N-point DFT of gets the samples of DTFT, problem we’ll meet: (1)There are the leakage phenomenon as Figure8.31.(11Hz and 64Hz sampling rate ,32-point DFT). (2)Another problem is resolution of two sinusoidal sequence with adjacent frequencies(as figure 11.4). The methods of reducing the effects : Increasing N, choosing window function. Another application of FFT is the analysis of speech signals by STFT. 8.4.3(11.4)Spectral analysis of Random signals 1. (11.4.1)Nonparametric Spectral analysis Consider a WSS The power spectrum is given by with zero mean. Autocorrelation sequence Periodogram Analysis windowed by a , resulting DTFT of Estimate of is obtained using (11-24) of (11-24) is called Periodogram . It can be shown that the mean value of Periodogram is given by In practice, is evaluated by replacing DTFT with an R-point DFT of (length-N) Periodogram Averaging Modified