比萨斜塔斜而不倒的数学奥秘.pdfVIP

第32 卷增刊2 岩 土 力 学 Vol.32 Supp.2 2011 年8 月 Rock and Soil Mechanics Aug. 2011 文章编号：1000－7598 (2011)增刊2 －0036 －06 比萨斜塔斜而不倒的数学奥秘 姚仰平，祝恩阳 （北京航空航天大学土木工程系，北京 100191 ） 摘 要：比萨斜塔从修建至今800 余年缘何斜而不倒，这是一个颇具吸引力的问题。围绕这一问题，从土材料的变形机制入 手，介绍了其变形的加载次序相关性。经微分学中曲线积分路径无关的充分必要条件检验，证实了经典岩土本构模型Cam-clay 对土材料应变的加载应力路径相关性描述与试验相符。土材料变形与加载次序的相关性在应用增量本构模型计算中，实际就 体现在模型描述于数学上的曲线积分路径相关性上。完全一样的比萨斜塔，完全一样的地基，仅修建时间长短的不同便造就 了地基土中有效应力加载路径的显著差异，从而极大地影响了与加载应力路径相关的广义剪应变的发展情况，最终决定了地 基土的破坏与否，建筑物的倒塌与否。从这个角度，深刻巧妙地揭示出比萨斜塔数百年来斜而不倒的数学奥秘。在解释Burland 等对比萨斜塔一次修建完工将会倒塌的观点同时提出猜想：如果进行更加缓慢的修建，地基土有效应力路径会更加远离临界 状态应力线，那么比萨斜塔今天的倾斜程度可能大为降低。 关 键 词：土材料；比萨斜塔；沉降；积分路径；应力路径；相关性 中图分类号：TU 43 文献标识码：A Mathematical mystery for lean and stand of leaning Tower of Pisa YAO Yang-ping, ZHU En-yang （Department of Civil Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China ） Abstract: It is attractive to investigate why the leaning Tower of Pisa is leaning but not fallen. Center on this subject, deformation mechanisms of geomaterials and their loading order dependency are introduced at first. After checking by the necessary and sufficient condition of path independency for curvilinear integration, it is confirmed that the stress path dependency of strains in the particular Cam-clay is consistent with the tests. Exactly the same Tower of Pisa, exactly the same foundation, just the difference of construction speed makes a significant distinction of effective stress path in foundation, then greatly affects the development of general shearing strain which is stress path dependent; and finally determines whether or not the foundation is destroyed and whether or not the leaning Tower of Pisa is fallen over. From th