高三英语必修考点知识学案19.docVIP

必修4 Unit1 Women of achievement 第3课时Grammar 课前预习 本课语法呈现 主谓一致Agreement 知识要点： 在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。 语法一致： 即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 一、当主语由and连结时，如果表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and后面的名词无冠词。 如 表示不同的人或物时, 谓语动词用复数，此时and后面的名词有冠词。 The worker and writer is from Shanghai. 那个工人兼作家 来自上海。 The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow. 那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。（两个人） The League secretary and monitor is asked to make a speech at the meeting. 二、动词不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。例如： 1. Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit. 晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。 2. To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 三、不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式; Eg: Is everyone here? Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。 四、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如： 1）Those who want to go please sign their names here. 2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out. 意义一致： 即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这时谓语动词用单数形式 一、由集体名词,如group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式. 　 1. His family is very large.　 他家是一个大家庭。 2. His family are music lovers.　 他的家人都是音乐爱好者 3. The class were jumping for joy. 全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。 二、代词作主语 He is reading English Neither of them is or are big. 三、表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时, 谓语动词则用单数形式; Two years has passed since I left China; One million dollars is a great sum of money. 四、以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics, the United States ,works等作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式; 1. Every means has been tried since then. 2. No news is good news. 五、the＋adj.作主语 the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等 the+ adj.,表示一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful, the good等 1. The old __are__ taken good care of in our society. 2. The beautiful __is__not always the same as the good. 就近原则： 即谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式