新制冷与空调专业英语第2版 教学课件 林慧珠 主编 2 1.pptVIP

Unit Two Lesson 5 Fluid Lesson 6 Level Measurement Lesson 7 Measuring Rate of Fluid Flow Lesson 8 What Is Humidity Lesson 5 Fluid New Words Expressions: Text Notes to the Text Exercise Lesson 5 Lesson 5 Lesson 5 Lesson 5 Text In the industry process, plants most often materials in a fluid state---that is, as a liquid or a gas. In general fluid are much easier to transport from one place to another than are solids. Fluids can be transported in pipes in a continuous fashion, whereas solids-handling frequently requires rather complicated mechanical conveyors. Text: In almost any plant, materials are constantly being heated or cooled. This is done for a variety of reasons. For example, it is often necessary to heat viscous materials in order to make them flow easily.1 The science concerned with the generation and transfer of heat is called thermodynamics. Text: When a fluid flows in a pipe, it moves fastest at the center of the pipe and slowest at the wall because of friction between the pipe and the flowing fluid. 2 When fluid flows relatively slowly, there can be a fairly thick layer of fluid near the pipe wall that hardly moves at all. This condition is known as laminar flow, and makes for poor heat transfer because the static layer of fluid near the wall act as a resistance to the movement of heat. Text: When fluid is flowing rapidly, swirls and eddies are set up that reduce the thickness of the static layer near the pipe wall, and thereby decrease the resistance to the movement of heat—or increase the rate of heat transfer. This kind of agitated flow is known as turbulent flow. Text: Since piping makes up so large a part of most process plants, the engineer has to be thoroughly familiar with its design. The sizing of pipes is part of the subject of fluid dynamics, the science concerned with the flow of fluids.3 Fluid dynamics is also involved in the choice of pumps and compressors, both of which import pre