新高电压技术 教学课件 吴广宁 2.1.pptVIP

在线教务辅导网： 教材其余课件及动画素材请查阅在线教务辅导网 QQ:349134187 或者直接输入下面地址： 2.1 固体电介质的极化与损耗 2.1.1 固体电介质的极化 2.1.1 Polarization of Solid Dielectrics 2.1.2 固体电介质的损耗 2.1.2 Loss of Solid Dielectrics 2.1 Polarization and Loss of Solid Dielectrics 本节内容 Contents in this section 电介质的介电常数也称为电容率，是描述电介质极化的宏观参数。电介质极化的强弱可用介电常数的大小来表示，它与该介质分子的极性强弱有关，还受到温度、外加电场频率等因素的影响。 2.1.1 固体电介质的极化 2.1.1 Polarization of solid dielectrics 固体电介质介电常数： The dielectric constant of solid dielectric: The permittivity of dielectrics is also called capacitivity , which is a macro parameter to describe dielectric polarization. Polarization degree could be denoted by the magnitude of permittivity which is related to molecular polarity strength and influenced by the factors such as temperature and frequency of external electric field. 电介质的相对介电常数为 式中，D、E——分别为电介质中电通量密度、宏观电场强度。 (2-1) Relative permittivity of dielectrics is In the formula, D, E denote electric flux density and macro electric field strength in the dielectrics respectively . 平板电容器的介电常数 图2-1 平板电容器中的电荷和电场分布 (a)真空 (b)充以介质 ——电荷面密度 极板间真空中的电场强度 (2-2) Permittivity of plate capacitor Strength of vacuum field between plates Fig 2-1 charge and electric field distribution in the plate capacitor (a) vacuum (b) filled with dielectric —— surface charge density 视频链接 真空电容器的电容量为 当极板间充以均匀各向同性的电介质时（见图2-1 (b)），在电场作用下电介质产生极化，极板上自由电荷面密度应为 (2-3) (2-4) The capacitance of vacuum capacitor is When the plates are filled with uniform isotropic dielectrics (figure 2-1(b)), polarization takes place under the electric field and free surface charge density on the plates is 充以电介质后电容器的电容量为 显然，极板间充以电介质后，由于电介质的极化使电容器的电容量比真空时增加了，因此，可以用充以介质后电容量的变化来描述电介质极化的性能。 (2-5) (Capacitance of capacitor filled with dielectrics is) Evidently, after the plates are filled with dielectrics, the capacitance becomes larger compared with that in vacuum due to the dielectric polarization. So the change of capacitance could be use