利用SSR分子标记的研究玉米自交系遗传多样性.pdf

摘 要 玉米种质基础狭窄一直是限制我国玉米育种进展的瓶颈因素，因此利用遗传基础 丰富的种质资源就为解决这一问题提供有效途径。本研究采用 SSR 分子标记技术， 对引进的94 份玉米自交系进行遗传多样性和杂种优势类群划分的研究，从中选取55 份田间性状表现良好的自交系，进行方差分析和聚类分析，对形态学方法和 SSR 分 子标记类群划分结果进行比较。同时对 14 个春玉米组合进行农艺性状的方差和相关 性分析。主要结果如下： 1.从21 对SSR 引物中筛选出多态性较好的引物5 对。这5 对SSR 引物在供试材 料中共检测出43 个等位基因变异，每对引物检测出的等位基因数在5-9 个之间，平 均为 7.2 个，多态信息量变幅为 0.46-0.68 ，平均为 0.58 ；相异系数变化范围为 0.0526-1.0000。 2.利用SSR 标记，以0.80 为阈值将供试94 份玉米自交系划分为六大类群，以农 艺性状划分为四大类群，两种划分方法的吻合度较好。 3.建立了一套优化的SSR-PCR 体系。①：预变性94℃，4min ；②：变性94℃， 1min；③：退火温度55-65℃( 以引物Tm 而定) ，1min；④：延伸72℃，2min ；⑤： 复延伸72℃，10min；其中步骤2-4 的循环数为30-35，视材料而定。 4.14 个春玉米组合中，内单 205 产量最高，与冀承单 3、030×034、1308×1202 和030×025 等组合的差异达到极显著水平；穗重、百粒重、穗粗和穗长与产量呈正相 关，且达到极显著水平。 关键词：玉米自交系；SSR 分子标记；聚类分析；遗传多样性 Study on the Genetic Diversity of Maize Inbred Lines with SSR Molecular Markers Technology Abstract The narrow genetic base is one of the major limitative factors for the germplasm development in maize breeding in China. The effective germplasm utilization is the only way to solve this problem. 94 maize inbred lines in this paper were used to study their genetic diversity and divide heterotic group by SSR molecular marker technology. 55 pieces were selected from the field performance of good breeding excellent inbred lines, variance analysis and cluster analysis, by morphologic methods and SSR molecular markers into groups’ results were compared. The agronomic characteristics of 14 spring maize combinations were studied by variance and correlation analysis. The results were as follows: 1. 5 pairs of SSR primers, which had better polymorphic, were screened from 21 pairs of SSR primers. The variation of 43 alleles was found out by 5 pairs of SSR primers. Each pair of