贸易模式、技术进步和劳动份额—中国工业分行业的实证研究(肖文、周明海).pdfVIP

贸易模式、技术进步和劳动份额—中国工业分行业的实证研究 研究领域（国际经济学，劳动、人口经济学） 肖文 周明海 内容提要：1978年以来，中国经济高速增长伴随劳动份额快速下降。本文将劳动份额 进行工业行业分解，发现产业结构变动只是劳动份额下降的部分原因。通过建立企业生产模 型，本文考察了贸易、技术进步和国有垄断力量的影响，研究表明技术进步上升和国有垄断 力量下降使劳动份额下降。其他条件不变，贸易变量中进口渗透率系数显著为正。分阶段回 归表明贸易模式转变是劳动份额下降的主因。进出口高度相关的珠三角加工贸易时代，进口 渗透率促进劳动份额上升；出口型加工贸易的长三角时代，进口渗透率与劳动份额同时下降 是企业降低原料和劳动成本的结果。因此，进口渗透率在不同阶段作用机理不同。 关键词：劳动份额 贸易模式 进口渗透率 技术进步 国有垄断力量 Abstract: Abstract: AAbbssttrraacctt:: Since 1978, labor share in China has declined rapidly with drastic economic growth rate.This paper decomposes the labor share in industrial sector and finds the movement of industrial structure is part of the reason for declining labor share. We also analyze the effects of trade, technology progress and state-owned monopoly power by using the production model. It indicates that technology upgrading and decrease of monopoly power will impose a decrease on labor share. Ceteris paribus, the coefficient of import penetration rate in the trade variables is positive and significant. Regression in different stages shows that the changing of trade mode is main reason for declining labor share. In the time of import-export related processing trade in Pearl River delta, the import penetration rate will promote the increase of labor share. While, in the time of import-oriented processing trade in Yangtze River delta, the simultaneous decline of import penetration rate and labor share is the result of lowering raw material and labor cost from profit maximizing enterprises. Therefore, the import penetration has different mechanisms on laborshareindifferentstages. Key words: Key words: KKeeyy wwoorrddss::LaborShare; TradeMode; Import Penetration Rate; Technology Progress; State- owned MonopolyPower; JELClassification: JELClassification: JJEELLCCllaassssiiffiiccaattiioonn::F16,J33,L16,D61,O14,D24 一、引言 三十年改革开放历程，实现了中国经济高速增长的奇迹，1978年至2008年全国年均经