新编计算机英语教程 作者 李心广 柯晓华 姚敏锋 王敏 chapter 04.pptVIP

Chapter 4 Storage Introduction In this chapter, we present an overview of Storage hardware , The two main types of storage devices are the primary storage, also called memory, and the secondary storage . After you have read this chapter, you should be able to distinguish between primary and secondary storage devices, describe the different types of memory, describe traditional and modern secondary storage devices. . Section A. Primary Storage What is primary storage? Primary storage, presently known as memory, is the only one directly accessible to the CPU. The large-capacity main memory include RAM, ROM and CMOS. Besides main memory, traditionally there are two more sub-layers: processor registers and processor cache. 2. Primary storage devices RAM There are several types of RAM: DRAM, SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, etc.. ROM Read-only memory (usually known by its acronym, ROM) is a class of storage media used in computers and other electronic devices. Because data stored in ROM cannot be modified (at least not very quickly or easily), it is mainly used to distribute firmware (software that is very closely tied to specific hardware, and unlikely to require frequent updates). CMOS The non-volatile memory was historically called CMOS RAM or just CMOS because it traditionally used a low-power CMOS memory chip , which was powered by a small battery when the system power was off. Non-volatile BIOS memory CMOS battery Processor registers Processor registers are located inside every processor. Processor cache a cache is a temporary storage area where frequently accessed data can be stored for rapid access. Processor cache, or CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory. Section B Secondary Storage 1. What is secondary storage? Secondary storage, or storage in popular usage, differs from primary storage in that it is not directly accessible b