跨文化交际案例讨论.ppt

What Is Intercultural Communication? Intercultural communication refers to the exchange of information between individuals who are unalike culturally. Intercultural communication is sometimes used synonymously with cross-cultural communication. Today, improved technologies of communication and more rapid means of transportation have increased the likelihood of intercultural communication. The Study of Intercultural Communication Origin In 1946, the U.S. Congress passed the Foreign Service Act (外交事务法案), which established the Foreign Service Institute (FSI, 外交学院) in the U.S. Department of State (美国国务院) to provide pre-service and in-service training throughout the career of Foreign Service officers, and others including development technicians. The FSI was staffed mainly with linguists and anthropologists, such as Edward T. Hall, George L. Trager, as it was thought that the problems of ineffective diplomats stemmed mainly from the need to be educated in the language and culture of the host country. Founder Edward T. Hall (1914-2009) An American anthropologist and cross-cultural researcher. During the 1950s he worked at the FSI, teaching intercultural communication skills to foreign service personnel, and wrote several influential books on dealing with cross-cultural issues. Edward T. Hall is considered a founding father of intercultural communication as an academic area of study. Books: The Silent Language (1959), The Hidden Dimension (1966), Beyond Culture (1976) Several Key Concepts in Intercultural Communication ◎ Heterophily (异质性), is the degree to which two or more individuals who communicate are unalike. ◎ Homophily (同质性), is the degree to which two or more individuals who communicate are alike. Most communication occurs between homophilous individuals. People find it easier to talk with someone like themselves. Homophilous communication is more effective than heterophilous communication. ◎ Ingroup (内部群体；我群), an ingroup is a collectivity with wh