《单相交流电机知识》.doc

单相交流电机 　　[ ] Single-phase AC induction motors 　　单相交流感应电机 　　Three-phase motors inherently produce a rotating magnetic field. However, when only single-phase power is available, the rotating magnetic field must be produced using other means. Several methods are commonly used: 　　三相电机会自动产生旋转的磁场。但是，当供电系统为单相时，则需要用其他的方法来产生旋转磁场。通常用以下几种方法： 　　[ ] Shaded-pole motor 　　A common single-phase motor is the shaded-pole motor, which is used in devices requiring low starting torque, such as electric fans or other small household appliances. In this motor, small single-turn copper shading coils create the moving magnetic field. Part of each pole is encircled by a copper coil or strap; the induced current in the strap opposes the change of flux through the coil (Lenzs Law), so that the maximum field intensity moves across the pole face on each cycle, thus producing a low level rotating magnetic field which is large enough to turn both the rotor and its attached load. As the rotor accelerates the torque builds up to its full level as the principal (rotationally stationary) magnetic field is rotating relative to the rotating rotor. Such motors are difficult to reverse without significant internal alterations. 　　[_]蔽极式电机 　　通常所见的单相电机都是蔽极式电机，一般用于启动力矩小的设备中，比如电风扇和其他的小型家用电器中。在这种电机中，小的单级旋转隐蔽铜线圈会产生转动的磁场。每个极的部分都被铜线圈或铜带包围住；为了阻止线圈中的电流变化（楞次定律）铜带中就会产生感应电流，以便每个周期最大场强都能越过极面，从而产生一个足够大的低级转动磁场来传动转子以及它上面的负载。随着转子增加它的扭矩到最大，原（固定转动的）磁场就会随着转子的转动而转动。这些电机很难反转，除非内在结构有所变化。 　　[ ] Split-phase induction motor 　　[_]分相感应电机 　　Another common single-phase AC motor is the split-phase induction motor, commonly used in major appliances such as washing machines and clothes dryers. Compared to the shaded pole motor, these motors can generally provide much greater starting torque by using a special startup winding in conjunction with a centrifugal switch. 　　另外一种常见的单相交流电机就是分相感应电机，通常用于像洗衣机和干衣机这样的大型家用电器中。与蔽极式电机相比，这些电机通过将启动绕组和离心开关连接在一起通常可以提供很大的启动力矩。 　　In the split-phase motor, the startup winding is designed with a highe