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10.3.1.3Electricalsparks(sparkdischarges-IUPAC.PDF
10.3.1.3 Electrical sparks (spark discharges)
Electrical sparks (Fig. 10.2 illustrates different types of spark generator) are defined as
discontinuous electrical discharges across a gap between at least two electrodes
constituting the analytical gap (spark gap). The discharge current is supplied by a
cyclically charged capacitor C. After spark ignition the voltage across the analytical gap
drops from the initial capacitor voltage, U , to the low burning voltage, U , of an arc
cap b
within a time that is short compared to the spark duration θ. Therefore, basically, sparks
can be considered as interrupted arcs of higher initial current, I or peak current and of a
o
lower duty cycle than those treated in Section 10.3.1.2.4.
10.3.1.3.1 Charging circuit (Fig. 10.2)
The spark capacitor C is charged through the charging circuit, a rectifier, a charging
resistor and electronic or other devices for the control of charging current, peak
capacitor voltage, U , and the phase. If the capacitor is always charged at the same
cap
polarity, a dc spark will result and in the case of an alternating charging voltage, an ac
spark.
10.3.1.3.2 Discharge circuit (Fig. 10.2)
The discharge circuit connects the capacitor of capacitance C with the analytical gap. It
may contain inductors, of induction L, a resistor of resistance R, and devices for
triggering the spark for control and synchronization purposes, e.g. a control spark gap
(control gap).
Spark current, I, and burning voltage, U , may oscillate with t
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