光子晶体53476.pptVIP

To Begin: A Cartoon in 2d To Begin: A Cartoon in 2d Photonic Crystals Photonic Crystals Photonic Crystals A mystery from the 19th century A mystery from the 19th century A mystery solved… Time to Analyze the Cartoon Fun with Math Hermitian Eigenproblems Periodic Hermitian Eigenproblems Periodic Hermitian Eigenproblems Periodic Hermitian Eigenproblems in 1d Periodic Hermitian Eigenproblems in 1d Any 1d Periodic System has a Gap Any 1d Periodic System has a Gap Any 1d Periodic System has a Gap Any 1d Periodic System has a Gap Any 1d Periodic System has a Gap Some 2d and 3d systems have gaps 2d periodicity, e=12:1 2d periodicity, e=12:1 2d periodicity, e=12:1 2d photonic crystal: TE gap, e=12:1 3d photonic crystal: complete gap , e=12:1 You, too, can computephotonic eigenmodes! * planewave scattering planewave ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? for most l, beam(s) propagate through crystal without scattering (scattering cancels coherently) ...but for some l (~ 2a), no light can propagate: a photonic band gap a 1887 1987 periodic electromagnetic media with photonic band gaps: “optical insulators” (need a more complex topology) periodic electromagnetic media with photonic band gaps: “optical insulators” magical oven mitts for holding and controlling light can trap light in cavities and waveguides (“wires”) periodic electromagnetic media But how can we understand such complex systems? Add up the infinite sum of scattering? Ugh! e– e– + + + + + current: conductivity (measured) mean free path (distance) of electrons conductive material e– e– + current: conductivity (measured) mean free path (distance) of electrons + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + crystalline conductor (e.g. copper) 10’s of periods! electrons are waves (quantum mechanics) 1 waves in a periodic medium can propagate without scattering: Bloch’s Theorem (1d: Floquet’s) 2