《HP SAS技术与架构4th》.pdf

Serial Attached SCSI technologies and architectures Technology brief, 4th edition Introduction 2 SAS devices 2 Initiators 2 Expanders 3 Targets 3 SAS protocol 3 Active cables 3 Storage power management 4 Differential signaling 4 SAS/SATA interoperability 5 SAS topologies 5 Internal 6 External 7 Multi-node clusters 8 Dual-path and dual-domain architectures 8 Dual-path with cascaded JBODs 8 Dual-domain SAS 9 Zoning 12 Zone management 13 Zoning advantages in an HP environment 14 Zoning example 15 Cabling and connectors technology 16 SAS drive performance 18 Conclusion 18 Appendix: SAS terminology 20 For more information 21 Introduction Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) has become the de facto hard disk drive (HDD) standard for mission- critical applications. This paper describes SAS devices, the SAS protocol, possible SAS topologies, zoning, and interoperability with SATA devices and connectors. The Appendix defines technical terms used in this paper. SAS devices There are three types of SAS devices: initiators, targets, and expanders. Initiator devices include host bus adaptors (HBAs) and controllers. The initiator attaches to one or more targets, forming a SAS domain. Target devices include SAS hard disk drives (HDDs) or solid state drives (SSDs), SATA HDDs or SSDs, and SAS tape drives. Using expanders (low-cost, high-speed switches), you can increase the number of targets attached to an initiator to create a larger SAS domain (Figure 1). Figure 1: Example of SAS and SATA devices in a single domain Initiators SAS initiators have multiple ports for connecting to internal and external targets. Each initiator port can have a single physical link (a narrow port) or two, four, or eight physical links (a wide port). You can connect SAS initiator ports to separate domains for fail-over redundancy.