BoneJointLecture.ppt.ppt

axial skeleton skull, thorax, pelvis, vertebral column appendicular skeleton upper and lower extremities should be familiar with all major bones Purposes of Skeleton Bone Vernacular condyle a rounded process of a bone that articulates with another bone e.g. femoral condyle epicondyle a small condyle e.g. humeral epicondyle Bone Vernacular facet a small, fairly flat, smooth surface of a bone, generally an articular surface e.g. vertebral facets foramen a hole in a bone through which nerves or vessels pass e.g. vertebral foramen Bone Vernacular fossa a shallow dish-shaped section of a bone that provides space for an articulation with another bone or serves as a muscle attachment glenoid fossa process a bony prominence olecranon process Bone Vernacular tuberosity a raised section of bone to which a ligament, tendon, or muscle attaches; usually created or enlarged by the stress of the muscle’s pull on that bone during growth radial tuberosity Long Bones e.g. femur, tibia 1 long dimension used for leverage larger and stronger in lower extremity than upper extremity have more weight to support Short Bones e.g. carpals and tarsals designed for strength not mobility not important for us in this class Flat Bones e.g. skull, ribs, scapula usually provide protection Irregular Bones e.g. vertebrae provide protection, support and leverage Sesamoid Bones e.g. patella (knee cap) a short bone embedded within a tendon or joint capsule alters the angle of insertion of the muscle Long Bone Structure Long Bone Structure Longitudinal Bone Growth occurs at the epiphyseal or “growth “ plate bone cells are produced on the diaphyseal side of the plate plate ossifies around age 18-25 and longitudinal growth stops Circumferential Bone Growth growth throughout the lifespan bone cells are produced on the internal layer of the periosteum by osteoblasts concurrently bone is resorbed around the circumference of the medullary cavity by osteoclasts Wolff’s Law bone is laid down w