Chapter2SYSTEMOFLIMITS,FITS,TOLERANCEAND.PDF

Chapter 2 SYSTEM OF LIMITS, FITS, TOLERANCE AND GAUGING Limits Fits: Why study Limits Fits? • Exact size is impossible to achieve. • Establish boundaries within which deviation from perfect form is allowed but still the design intent is fulfilled. • Enable interchangeability of components during assembly Definition of Limits: The maximum and minimum permissible sizes within which the actual size of a component lies are called Limits. Tolerance: It is impossible to make anything to an exact size, therefore it is essential to allow a definite tolerance or permissible variation on every specified dimension. Why Tolerances are specified? • Variations in properties of the material being machined introduce errors. • The production machines themselves may have some inherent inaccuracies. • It is impossible for an operator to make perfect settings. While setting up the tools and workpiece on the machine, some errors are likely to creep in. +0.05 −0.05 φ 40 Consider the dimension shown in fig. When trying to achieve a diameter of 40 mm (Basic or Nominal diameter), a variation of 0.05 mm on either side may result. If the shaft is satisfactory even if its diameter lies between 40.05 mm 39.95 mm, the dimension 40.05 mm is known as Upper limit and the dimension 39.95 mm is known as Lower limit of size. Tolerance in the above example is (40.05-39.95) =0.10 mm Tolerance is always a positive quantitative number. 1 Unilateral Tolerance: • Tolerances on a dimension may either be unilateral or bilateral. • When the two limit dimensions are only on one side of the nominal size, (either above or below) the tolerances are