FailureinPolymers-schoolofmaterialsandmineral.ppt

EBB 220/3FAILURE IN POLYMERS DR AZURA A.RASHID Room 2.19 School of Materials And Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, P. Pinang Malaysia Need to acquire knowledge of the properties of materials ? The correct selection of a material for a given application. Mechanical properties data were used to predict the response of materials under mechanical loads. Expressed in terms of forces which may deform materials or even cause them to fail completely. To avoid failure and keep deformation under control so the individual system components remain functional as parts of a whole ? need a various considerations: Is stiffness / rigidity important? (i.e. minimum deformation under a given load) Is strength essential? (for maximum tolerance of loads before failure) The questions we may have to ask are: What is the nature of the load? Continuous and uniform or rising steadily: IMPACT (e.g. hammering action, accidental drop)- Alternating (periodic application of a force): FATIGUE (e.g. vibration, rotation in loaded components) The geometry of the loaded component ? can be designed to deal with these conditions. The physical nature of the material ? has to ensure that the component can survive in service. Cost and component weight ? when evaluating and selecting materials, with the use of indices such as: Modulus-to-density ratio design for stiffness, in weight-critical applications ?example: an aircraft Property-to-cost ratio design for stiffness and strength where low overall price is important ? example: children’s toys, non-critical parts of home appliances? Below are some terms we find in dealing with materials in relation to structural applications: Stress Strength Strain Stress-strain relationships Modulus Concept of deformation: Deformations can be produced by forces ? which cause a body to be stretched, compressed, twisted or sheared. These forces can also be combined to produce more complex types