FEReviewMaterialsScienceandStructureofMatter.pptVIP

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FEReviewMaterialsScienceandStructureofMatter.ppt

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FEReviewMaterialsScienceandStructureofMatter.ppt

FE ReviewMaterials Properties Jeffrey W. Fergus Materials Engineering Office: 284 Wilmore Phone: 844-3405 email: jwfergus@eng.auburn.edu Electrical Properties Electrical resistance resistance (R) = resistivity (ρ) length (l) / area (A) resistivity is materals property conductivity (σ) = 1 / resistivity (ρ) Temperature dependence: with increasing temperature… Metals: resistance increases (conductivity decreases) Semiconductors: conductivity increases (resistivity decreases) Extrinsic: like metals in intermediate temperatures Insulators: conductivity increases (resistivity decreases) Mechanical Properties Stress-strain relationships engineering stress and strain stress-strain curve Testing methods tensile test endurance test impact test Stress Strain Tensile Test Stress-Strain Curve 0.2% Offset Yield Strength True/Engineering Stress/Strain True/Engineering Stress/Strain Strain Hardening Bending Test Hardness Resistance to plastic deformation Related to yield strength Most common indentation test make indentation measure size or depth of indentation macro- and micro- tests Scales: Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, Knoop Impact Ductile-Brittle Failure Ductile Plastic deformation cup-cone / fibrous fracture surface Brittle little or no plastic deformation cleaved fracture surface Creep / Stress Relaxation Load below yield strength - elastic deformation only Over long time plastic deformation occurs Requires diffusion, so usually a high-temperature process Activation energy, Q (or EA) Creep /Stress Relaxation Fatigue Corrosion Resistance Thermodynamics vs. Kinetics Thermodynamics - stable phases Kinetic - rate to form stable phases Active vs. Passive Active: reaction products ions or gas - non protective Passive: reaction products - protective layer Corrosion resistance Inert (noble): gold, platinum Passivation: aluminum oxide (alumina) on aluminum, chromia on stainless steel Electrode Potential Tendency of metal to give up electron Oxidation (anode) M = M2+ + 2e- (loss elect