Q-GTheoryUsingtheQVector.pptVIP

Q-G Theory:Using the Q-Vector Patrick Market Department of Atmospheric Science University of Missouri-Columbia Introduction Q-G forcing for w Vertical motions (particularly in an ETC) complete a secondary ageostrophic circulation forced by geostrophic and hydrostatic adjustments on the synoptic-scale. Evaluation Traditional Laplacian of thickness advection Differential vorticity advection PIVA/NIVA (Trenberth Approximation) Q-vector Q-vector Strengths Eliminates competition between terms in the Q-G w equation Unlike PIVA/NIVA, deformation is retained as a forcing mechanism Q-vectors are proportional in strength and lie along the low level Vag. Analysis of Q-vectors with isentropes can reveal areas of frontogenesis/frontolysis. Only one isobaric level is needed to compute forcing. Q-vector Weaknesses Diabatic heating/cooling are neglected Variations in f are neglected Variations in static stability are neglected w is still not calculated; its forcing is Although one may employ a single level for the process, layers are thought to be better for Q evaluation So, which layer to use? Q-vector: Choosing a layer… RECALL: Q-G forcing for w Vertical motions complete a secondary ageostrophic circulation… Inertial-advective adjustments with the ULJ Isallobaric adjustments with the LLJ Deep layers can be useful Max vertical motion should be near LND (~550 mb) Ideally that layer will be included Q-vector: Choosing a layer… Avoid very low levels (PBL) Friction Radiative/sensible heating/cooling Look low enough to account for CAA/WAA deep enough to account for vertical change in vorticity advection Typical layer: 400-700 mb Brackets LND (~550 mb) Deep enough to Capture low level thermal advection Significant differential vorticity advection A Definition of Q Q is the time rate of change of the potential temperature gradient vector of a parcel in geostrophic motion (after Thaler) Simple Example 1 True gradient vector points L ? H Equivalent barotropic environm