Rasterelektronenmikroskopie.pptVIP

Grain Boundaries Properties of Materials The Tensile Test The Tensile Test Elastic Deformation Elastic constants (isotropic case) Yield Strength sY The Stress-Strain Curve Materials Selection Charts Plastic Deformation – Dislocation Glide Plastic Deformation – Dislocation Glide Plastic Deformation – Dislocation Glide Plastic Deformation Some concluding words on dislocations Mechanical testing Vickers Microhardness Testing Rockwell Hardness Testing (HRC) Ductility Charpy Impact Testing T-Dependence of Av Cleavage Fracture at Low Temperatures Deformation at Elevated Temperatures: Creep Creep Testing Fatigue Loading during Service Fatigue Testing Fatigue Testing Fatigue-Testing: The S/N Diagram Fracture Mechanics Determination of KIc using Compact Tension (CT specimens) * * Ni-Base Superalloy Waspalloy 50μm high-angle grain boundary (Q15°) low-angle grain boundary Mechanical Properties Elastic Plastic Viscoelastic Creep Testing methods stress s=F/A strain e=l-l0/l0 distance r r0 Force=dE/dr Stress – strain / shear stress – shear strain Young’s modulus Shear modulus Poisson ratio In order to completely describe the elastic behavior of a solid 2 of these constants need to be known! 0.002 strain offset yield-point phenomenon (C steels, dislocations are pinned by C) sY sY stress strain necking engineering stress true stress Strength [MPa] Density [1000kg/m3] shear stress t =macroscopic deformation dislocation motion shear stress t Strengthening mechanisms Grain size reduction (Hall-Petch equation) Solid solution strengthening Strain hardening Hardness Vickers Rockwell … Nanoindentation Ductility Toughness Creep Fatigue length of the diagonals d1 and d2 scale indenter (120° diamond pyramid) specimen stress strain %EL, percent elongation %RA, percent reduction in area brittle ductile hammer impact energy Av=mg(h-h′) specific ak=Av/A0 (DIN 50115) BDTT e de/dt push-pull rotating-bending counter load servohydraulic actuator stress amplitude [MPa] cy