Section3.MatterCourseNotes.doc-suzhoualevelphysics.docVIP

SECTION III Matter CIE A-Level [AS and A2] ________________________ Course NotesSyllabus Details______________________ 9. Phases of Matter [AS]______________________ Content 9.1 Density 9.2 Solids, liquids, gases 9.3 Pressure in fluids 9.4 Change of phase Learning outcomes_____________________________________ Candidates should be able to: (a) define the term density Density (kgm-3) = mass (kg) / volume (m3) (b) relate the difference in the structures and densities of solids, liquids and gases to simple ideas of the spacing, ordering and motion of molecules (c) describe a simple kinetic model for solids, liquids and gases (d) describe an experiment that demonstrates Brownian motion and appreciate the evidence for the movement of molecules provided by such an experiment Smoke (oil droplets) are seen to move randomly This motion is evidence that the air particles are also moving randomly and colliding with the smoke droplets The air particles cannot be seen but their motion can be understood by the smoke droplets which can be seen (e) distinguish between the structure of crystalline and non-crystalline solids with particular reference to metals, polymers and amorphous materials (f) define the term pressure and use the kinetic model to explain the pressure exerted by gases Pressure (Pa) = Force (N) / Area (m2) Pa = Nm-2 (g) derive, from the definitions of pressure and density, the equation p = ρgh (h) use the equation p = ρgh This formula is given at the start of the test paper (i) distinguish between the processes of melting, boiling and evaporation. At the phase changes the random kinetic energy of the molecules does not change, but the potential energy does. Intermolecular bonds are being broken which requires energy. 10. Deformation of Solids [AS]_________________ Content 10.1 Stress, strain 10.2 Elastic and plastic behaviour Learning outcomes_____________________________________ Candidates should be able to: a) appreciate that deformation i