SimpleHarmonicMotionandElasticity.pptVIP

Simple Harmonic Motion Elasticity Chapter 10 Elastic Potential Energy What is it? Energy that is stored in elastic materials as a result of their stretching. Where is it found? Rubber bands Bungee cords Trampolines Springs Bow and Arrow Guitar string Tennis Racquet Hooke’s Law A spring can be stretched or compressed with a force. The force by which a spring is compressed or stretched is proportional to the magnitude of the displacement (F ? x). Hooke’s Law: Felastic = -kx Where: k = spring constant = stiffness of spring (N/m) x = displacement Hooke’s Law What is the graphical relationship between the elastic spring force and displacement? Felastic = -kx Displacement Slope = k Hooke’s Law A force acting on a spring, whether stretching or compressing, is always positive. Since the spring would prefer to be in a “relaxed” position, a negative “restoring” force will exist whenever it is deformed. The restoring force will always attempt to bring the spring and any object attached to it back to the equilibrium position. Hence, the restoring force is always negative. Example 1: A 0.55 kg mass is attached to a vertical spring. If the spring is stretched 2.0 cm from its original position, what is the spring constant? Known: m = 0.55 kg x = -2.0 cm g = 9.81 m/s2 Equations: Fnet = 0 = Felastic + Fg (1) Felastic = -kx (2) Fg = -mg (3) Substituting 2 and 3 into 1 yields: k = -mg/x k = -(0.55 kg)(9.81 m/s2)/-(0.020 m) k = 270 N/m Fg Felastic Elastic Potential Energy in a Spring The force exerted to put a spring in tension or compression can be used to do work. Hence the spring will have Elastic Potential Energy. Analogous to kinetic energy: PEelastic = ? kx2 Example 2: A 0.55 kg mass is attached to a vertical spring with a spring constant of 270 N/m. If the spring is stretched 4.0 cm from its original position, what is the Elastic Potential Energy? Known: m = 0.55 kg x = -4.0 cm k = 270 N/m g = 9.81 m/s2 Equations: PEelastic = ? kx2 PEelastic =